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Do you have to be logged into teams and have it open to use the phone? No, if you have a desktop phone, it works independently of Teams.
How do you dial a number? With the keypad, if you are using Teams calls on the computer. If not, just dial the number on your phone.
Can you have teams on your phone and not receive phone calls there? Yes
Can you set a shortcut to your phone on your toolbar? No need. The Teams phone is available inside the Teams app.
How do you place someone on hold? There is a hold button in Teams calls and on the desktop phone
How do you transfer a call? There is a transfer button in Teams calls and on the desktop phone
Can you make conference calls? Yes, from inside the Teams App
Does your camera turn on when you make/receive a call? How can you stop that or make that happen? The camera does not automatically turn on when you answer a call.
Can we just have the phone open and not the rest of Teams? No, the phone is integrated into Teams. It is always available inside the app and does not have separate access or controls.